There are principally two main methods of desalting, thermal distillation and membrane separation. Due to the lower energy costs required for membrane separation methods, it is the preferred technology globally. Specifically, Reverse Osmosis membrane separation is the mostly widely used technology used for brackish and seawater desalination. Reverse osmosis is a fluid separation process in which the saline water is pressurized, and fresh water is separated from the saline by passing through a semi-permeable membrane that rejects the salts.